purpose:The Travelogue of Ibrahim Beg is recognized as a critical and social work in contemporary Iranian history. Employing a fictional narrative style and a social approach, it depicts the face of Iranian society during the late Qajar period. This work holds a significant place not only in the history of Persian prose but also in the history of reformist thought. In the form of a travelogue, it presents a vivid depiction of social forces, power relations, and the roots of political and moral decline. Its importance is underscored by the fact that it has been compared to Rousseau's The Social Contract.

Methodology:This research uses Foucault's power/knowledge theory to analyze discourse around four axes: women, rulers, clerics, and merchants. It asks how Zeyn al-Abedin Maraghei represents these social forces—and whether his work is merely critical or also reproduces both power and resistance



Findings:The findings indicate that Zeyn al-Abedin Maraghei, within an ethical and social framework, represents women both as victims of ignorance and discrimination and as sources of national awakening. He divides clerics into two groups: power-oriented and reformist. He portrays merchants as the link between the economy and social consciousness. Finally, he represents governors as embodiments of tyranny and corruption. Thus, The Travelogue of Ibrahim Beg is not merely a literary work but a discursive text in which the complex network of power, knowledge, gender, and economic relations in Qajar society is laid bare. It presents the first Iranian formulation of the idea of resistance against the authoritarian order.