The present study examines the reflection of the presence of Afghan immigrants in contemporary Persian fiction and seeks to analyze how their individual and collective experiences are represented in Iranian narrative literature. In this research, ten contemporary short stories and novels by Iranian authors were selected and examined through a descriptive-analytical method from the perspective of social, identity-related, and cultural themes associated with Afghan immigrants. The findings reveal that the issue of migration, the identity crisis of the second generation, legal and social restrictions, educational and occupational inequalities, illegal entry, child marriage, and the situation of Afghan women constitute the most recurrent themes in these works. The authors of these stories highlight the lived experiences of immigrants within the Iranian social context by depicting feelings of alienation, identity confusion, discrimination, vulnerability, and the struggle for survival. Alongside these narratives, the element of empathy and solidarity from Iranians plays a significant role in certain stories, contributing to the creation of a humane and trans-ethnic portrayal of the relationship between the two nations. The results of this study indicate that contemporary Iranian fiction, in addition to reflecting social realities, has succeeded in serving as a cultural platform to represent the voices and suffering of immigrants, thereby drawing fresh attention to the human and social dimensions of the Afghan migration issue