The Evolution of Narrative Prose in the Qajar Era: From Dream Book to Modern Novel

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Corresponding Author, Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, University of Qom, Qom, Iran.

2 M.A. Graduate, Department of Persian Language and Literature, University of Qom, Qom, Iran.

10.22103/jll.2026.26207.3231

Abstract

Purpose: During the Qajar era, the emergence of new socio-literary concepts led intellectuals to seek new narrative forms. Khābnāmeh-writing (dream narratives) became a prominent literary-political genre. This study examines the narrative structure of these works and their role in the evolution of Persian fiction.
Method and Research: Using a descriptive-analytical method and library research, this paper conducts a structural analysis of nine key Qajar Khābnāmehs. The theoretical framework analyzes eight narrative elements: plot, characterization, verisimilitude, theme, point of view, setting, dialogue, and tone.
Findings and Conclusions: What can be clearly shown in this research is the role of dream books in the formation of modern Persian novels, such that in studying the sources of these novels, the role of these dream books cannot be ignored, but rather these works can be considered a bridge between ancient storytelling and modern novel writing.
Conclusions: Findings reveal a coherent structure across the Khābnāmehs. Their plots share a six-part framework, utilize a first-person point of view, and feature characterization that moves beyond archetypes toward modern complexity. Settings are artistic and plot-driving, while dialogue enhances narrative cohesion. Thus, Qajar Khābnāmehs constitute a distinct genre that acted as a crucial bridge between classical and modern Persian fiction, significantly contributing to the development of contemporary Iranian narrative forms.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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Journal of Prose Studies in Persian Literature
Volume 28, Issue 58
March 2026
Pages 211-233

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