Reflection of Reproachful Thoughts in Sufism Fotowatnamehs up to the Fifth Century

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 PhD student, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Lorestan University, Lorestan, Iran.

2 Corresponding author, Associate Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Lorestan University, Lorestan, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature,Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran

4 Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Lorestan University, Lorestan

Abstract

Purpose: Researchers do not have the same opinion about the extent and nature of the connection between the two schools of thought, Malamatiyah and Futuwwa. The main issue in this study is considering the text of Malamatiyah treatises and the Futuwwatnamehs up to the fifth century AH, to see what common points and differences existed between the principles of Futuwwat and Malamatiyah. The aim of this research is to explain the similarities and differences between the two schools of Malamatiya and Futuwwa. In this way, the reasons for the differences in opinion among researchers are clarified.
 Method and Research: The research method in this article is analytical-descriptive.
 Findings and Conclusions: The results of the research reflect diverse and different perceptions in this regard. Solami, the author of the first Futuwwat-nama, who was himself a follower of Malamatiya, provides a definition of Futuwwa in his "Risalah Malamatiya", in which Futuwwa is the same as perfect malamaty. However, in "Kitab al-Futuwwa", like other books of this period, he introduced a type of Sufi Futuwwa that has major differences from the principles of malamatiya. The Futuwwa of the Ayyaran, which is represented in the "Qaboosnameh", also lacks any trace of the fundamental principles of the Malamatiyah. It seems that the difference in the researchers' views originates from this issue.
 Conclusions: In fact, those who have based their work on Sollmi's Malamatiya treatise have considered the futuwwa and Malamatiya to be the same; another group who have considered the futuwwa in the sense of ayyari have found the two to be in contrast. The third group, who consider Sufism, Malamatiya, and Futuwwa to be branches of the same principle, have taken Futuwwa of Sufi as the criterion.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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Journal of Prose Studies in Persian Literature
Volume 27, Issue 56
December 2024
Pages 97-115

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