Review of Bital Pachisi Sanskrit and its two Persian versions, Tohfatol- Majales and Bital Ajam

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Ph.D Candidate, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Aliabad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Aliabad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul Branch, Aliabad Katoul, Iran,

Abstract

The present text is the introduction of Bital Bachisi Sanskrit and the identification of two anonymous Persian translations of this work. This study, by examining the list of manuscripts and the introduction of Urdu and English translations of the work and using library sources, in addition to examining the ancient background of this Sanskrit work and the name of the original author, has gained knowledge of two Persian manuscripts. The history of Bital Bachisi Sanskrit goes back to ancient India and even the Pahlavi language. This book is the ninth part of the twelfth book of the Hindu antiquity, Kata Sarit Sagara, compiled in the 11th century by Somadua at the request of Suryabati, Queen of Kashmir, to entertain her granddaughter. Kata Sarit Sagara, a summary of Varihat Kata, a sixth-century AD poem by Gonadieh. Gonadieh used the language of Paisachi, which originates in the Pahlavi language, to compose this poem. Bital stories were first translated into Persian by Mullah Ahmad in the years (823/875 - 1420/1470). Tohfatol-Majales and Bital Ajam are two Persian translations of this work, the first of which was translated by Raj karn in 1103 AH and the second by Madhu Kishan before 1245 AH. The introduction of this ancient work and its Persian translations as representatives of Persian translations of Sanskrit works and examples of fiction prose style of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries AH is important.

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References

References [In Persian]:
Mirza Khan, F. M. (1975). Tohfehe Hend. By Noorol Hasan Ansari. Khajeh Varamin Printing House: Bonyad Farhang Iran.
Naghavi, Sh. (1971). Mozaffar Bakhtiar's bibliography; some translations of Sanskrit works into Persian. Collection of Islamic Studies Articles, 12, 163-179.
 
References [In Indian]:
Kishan, M. M., & Kishan, I., B. (?). Bital Ajam. Calcutta: Matba    Mohammadi.
Kern, R. (1883). Tohfat Al- Majales.
 
References [In Urdo]:
Vela, M. A. (1965). Classical literature of Urdu Bital Pechisi. Introduction and correction of Gohar Noshahi. Lahore: Majles Tarraghi Adab.
 
References [In English]:
Brown, E. J., Adams, T. (1922). Complete List of Mohammadi Manuscripts, London: Cambridge University Press.
Burton, R. (1870). Vickram and the Vampire, London: McCann Press
Brockhans, H. (1840). Hindu Fiction, British and Foreign Review, European Quarterly Journal, 16(4), 224-274.
Ghasemi, S. H. (2014). Descriptive Catalogue of Persian Translations of Indian Works, New Delhi: National Mission for Manuscripts.
Konow, S. (1910). The home of Paisachi, Journal of The East German Association, 18(2), 95-125.
Towny, C.H. (1926). Translation of Katha Sarit Sagara from Somadua or the Ocean of Storytelling, London: Cambridge University Press.
Journal of Prose Studies in Persian Literature
Volume 25, Issue 52
December 2021
Pages 141-163

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