Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman Journal of Prose Studies in Persian Literature 2821-1847 27 56 2025 02 19 Analysis of Interaction and Confrontation with the Other in the Novel "Daryas and the Corpses" by Bachtyar Ali based on Bakhtin's Theory of Dialogical Logic Analysis of Interaction and Confrontation with the Other in the Novel "Daryas and the Corpses" by Bachtyar Ali based on Bakhtin's Theory of Dialogical Logic 1 22 4689 10.22103/jll.2025.23786.3144 FA Rashid Ahmadifar associate professor of sociology at farhangian university,Tehran,Iran. Nahid Nourbakhsh Persian literature teacher of Sanandaj Schools Journal Article 2024 07 24 Purpose: The novel "Daryas and the Corpses", one of the works of the prolific writer "Bachtyar Ali", is a type of social-philosophical novel that ranks among modern novels. The main goal of this research is to describe and analyze the components of Bakhtin's polyphonic theory. Method and Research: In this study, assuming that in the present era another reading of the novel "Daryas and the Corpses" can be presented, the authors have investigated and analyzed the novel based on Bakhtin's theory of dialogical logic in a descriptive-analytical method. Findings and Conclusions: In this novel, the transition from magical realism to a kind of social realism, the variety of voices, characters, worldviews, and discourses of different classes of society about one of the most important concepts of modern Kurdish human life, i.e. the phenomenon of "Revolution" are well recognizable. "Polyphony" which is the basis of the analysis of the present novel, is one of the most basic concepts in the critical opinions of the Russian writer and critic, "Mikhail Bakhtin". In the novel, plural voices are present, each of which has its own position. All voices, parallel and single are in motion and not necessarily the narrator in the exclusive speaker. We are faced with a "Polyphonic" work that Bachtyar Ali artistically created by using several distinct narrative characters with distinc educational, political, societal ... characteristics, in a multi-dimensional novel. Purpose: The novel "Daryas and the Corpses", one of the works of the prolific writer "Bachtyar Ali", is a type of social-philosophical novel that ranks among modern novels. The main goal of this research is to describe and analyze the components of Bakhtin's polyphonic theory. Method and Research: In this study, assuming that in the present era another reading of the novel "Daryas and the Corpses" can be presented, the authors have investigated and analyzed the novel based on Bakhtin's theory of dialogical logic in a descriptive-analytical method. Findings and Conclusions: In this novel, the transition from magical realism to a kind of social realism, the variety of voices, characters, worldviews, and discourses of different classes of society about one of the most important concepts of modern Kurdish human life, i.e. the phenomenon of "Revolution" are well recognizable. "Polyphony" which is the basis of the analysis of the present novel, is one of the most basic concepts in the critical opinions of the Russian writer and critic, "Mikhail Bakhtin". In the novel, plural voices are present, each of which has its own position. All voices, parallel and single are in motion and not necessarily the narrator in the exclusive speaker. We are faced with a "Polyphonic" work that Bachtyar Ali artistically created by using several distinct narrative characters with distinc educational, political, societal ... characteristics, in a multi-dimensional novel.

https://jll.uk.ac.ir/article_4689_cfc7e5db72696a63c0ec66c21f7ab164.pdf

Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman Journal of Prose Studies in Persian Literature 2821-1847 27 56 2025 02 19 A Content and Stylistic Study of Bahr Al-Khavvas A Content and Stylistic Study of Bahr Al-Khavvas 23 38 4698 10.22103/jll.2025.24012.3156 FA Mohammad Mahdi Pour Gholamali Persian literature and language department , humanities faculty, Vali Asr university, Rafsanjan, Iran. 0009-0000-4488-2576 Journal Article 2024 09 07 Purpose: Bahral-Khavass is one of the most important qarabadins of the 9th century AH. The inclusion of drug substitutes, local names of herbs, and the incorporation of the opinions of numerous physicians alongside the author's own theories significantly enhance the work's importance. The aims of this research are to identify the author, to introduce Bahr al-Khavass and its characteristics, and to determine its place among similar works. Method and Research: This research employs a descriptive-analytical method to introduce and examine the content of Bahr al-Khavass. Findings and Conclusions: Bahr al-Khavass is a compilation of the opinions of more than 60 physicians and the author's own theories. The translation of the herbs names into five languages and seven dialects, and the presentation of new drug combinations, make it an outstanding work. The prose of Bahr al-Khavass is intermediate; the use of archaic grammatical and morphological structures, literary devices, and reflections of the author's personal thoughts in the text are minimal. Conclusions: Bahr al-Khavass was influenced by Golestan and Ekhtiyarat-e- Badiei. The first article includes herbs names in Persian, Turkish, Arabic, Hindi, and Greek, along with dialects from Egypt, Shami, Khorasani, Kerman, Shiraz, and Kabul. The author utilizes the opinions of Avicenna, Ansari, Arastatalis, Tabari, and others. Archaic linguistic and grammatical structures and literary devices such as antithesis, rhyme, parallelism, simile, and metaphor are infrequent. The author's act of praise, his study of medical and astronomical works, and his relative knowledge in these fields are prominent themes in this work. Purpose: Bahral-Khavass is one of the most important qarabadins of the 9th century AH. The inclusion of drug substitutes, local names of herbs, and the incorporation of the opinions of numerous physicians alongside the author's own theories significantly enhance the work's importance. The aims of this research are to identify the author, to introduce Bahr al-Khavass and its characteristics, and to determine its place among similar works. Method and Research: This research employs a descriptive-analytical method to introduce and examine the content of Bahr al-Khavass. Findings and Conclusions: Bahr al-Khavass is a compilation of the opinions of more than 60 physicians and the author's own theories. The translation of the herbs names into five languages and seven dialects, and the presentation of new drug combinations, make it an outstanding work. The prose of Bahr al-Khavass is intermediate; the use of archaic grammatical and morphological structures, literary devices, and reflections of the author's personal thoughts in the text are minimal. Conclusions: Bahr al-Khavass was influenced by Golestan and Ekhtiyarat-e- Badiei. The first article includes herbs names in Persian, Turkish, Arabic, Hindi, and Greek, along with dialects from Egypt, Shami, Khorasani, Kerman, Shiraz, and Kabul. The author utilizes the opinions of Avicenna, Ansari, Arastatalis, Tabari, and others. Archaic linguistic and grammatical structures and literary devices such as antithesis, rhyme, parallelism, simile, and metaphor are infrequent. The author's act of praise, his study of medical and astronomical works, and his relative knowledge in these fields are prominent themes in this work.

https://jll.uk.ac.ir/article_4698_616443a20941c5aac47684a79ac6fe83.pdf

Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman Journal of Prose Studies in Persian Literature 2821-1847 27 56 2025 02 19 Introduction to the Translator Quranic Pamphlet No. 2752 Introduction to the Translator Quranic Pamphlet No. 2752 39 58 4685 10.22103/jll.2025.24159.3163 FA Arezu Pooryazdanpanah Corresponding author, Associate Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature,Yazd Universit, Yazd, Iran. Journal Article 2024 10 10 Purpose: The ancient translations of the Holy Quran are considered as one of the valuable treasures of Persian literature, and through research and analysis in them, the belief in the longevity and richness of the culture of Persian language is objectified. The Translator Quranic Pamphlet by No. 2752, which is kept in the manuscript section of Astan Quds Razavi Library, is one of these translations and a precious treasure of authentic and ancient Persian words. Method and Research: In this essay, the translation method and the most important linguistic, lexical, and literary features of this translation have been investigated based on the analytical-descriptive method. Findings and Conclusions: TheTtranslator Quranic Pamphlet No. 2752 is one of the Quranic pamphlets of the manuscript section of the Astan Quds Razavi library, which is dedicated to the first part of the Holy Quran. The owner of this copy was a lady named Khorasan bent Abi al-Qasim who dedicated it in the 6th century of Hijri. There is no trace of the translator and the scribe of the copy. Relying on the characteristics of the manuscript and textual evidence, the time of its writing goes back to the 5th century AH; the closeness of the main body of the Qur'an to the reading of Kasa'i and Ibn Amer from Qura’e Sab’e (the Seven Readers), its punctuating system, and the similarity of its diacritic style to that of Abolasvadi or the Shangraf (cinnabar) dots, confirm the creation of this work in the fifth century AH. Conclusions: The tendency of the translator to use Persian pure words, the use of Persian active sense of the verbs in the translation of Arabic passive verbs, the use of the pronoun "he" for the non-intelligent and inanimate, the use of the suffixes "Andar" and "Mar...ra", Ebdal and integration, in addition to the punctuation system of the manuscript indicate that this manuscript was written in the fifth century AH. Purpose: The ancient translations of the Holy Quran are considered as one of the valuable treasures of Persian literature, and through research and analysis in them, the belief in the longevity and richness of the culture of Persian language is objectified. The Translator Quranic Pamphlet by No. 2752, which is kept in the manuscript section of Astan Quds Razavi Library, is one of these translations and a precious treasure of authentic and ancient Persian words. Method and Research: In this essay, the translation method and the most important linguistic, lexical, and literary features of this translation have been investigated based on the analytical-descriptive method. Findings and Conclusions: TheTtranslator Quranic Pamphlet No. 2752 is one of the Quranic pamphlets of the manuscript section of the Astan Quds Razavi library, which is dedicated to the first part of the Holy Quran. The owner of this copy was a lady named Khorasan bent Abi al-Qasim who dedicated it in the 6th century of Hijri. There is no trace of the translator and the scribe of the copy. Relying on the characteristics of the manuscript and textual evidence, the time of its writing goes back to the 5th century AH; the closeness of the main body of the Qur'an to the reading of Kasa'i and Ibn Amer from Qura’e Sab’e (the Seven Readers), its punctuating system, and the similarity of its diacritic style to that of Abolasvadi or the Shangraf (cinnabar) dots, confirm the creation of this work in the fifth century AH. Conclusions: The tendency of the translator to use Persian pure words, the use of Persian active sense of the verbs in the translation of Arabic passive verbs, the use of the pronoun "he" for the non-intelligent and inanimate, the use of the suffixes "Andar" and "Mar...ra", Ebdal and integration, in addition to the punctuation system of the manuscript indicate that this manuscript was written in the fifth century AH.

https://jll.uk.ac.ir/article_4685_8c9bdd7dd8ffa3dc5d9de97825c2234f.pdf

Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman Journal of Prose Studies in Persian Literature 2821-1847 27 56 2025 02 19 Modernist Techniques and the Representation of the Modern Man in Golshiri's Storytelling Modernist Techniques and the Representation of the Modern Man in Golshiri's Storytelling 59 78 4658 10.22103/jll.2025.23943.3154 FA Fardin Hosseinpanahi Corresponding author, Assistant Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran. Journal Article 2024 09 09 Purpose: Houshang Golshiri, as one of the pioneers of modernist fiction in Iran, has played a significant role in the evolution of contemporary storytelling. The use of modernist techniques in Golshiri's stories goes beyond formal functions, and forms a deep connection with the intellectual foundations present in his narratives. This issue highlights the necessity of conducting an independent study on the nature and function of modernist techniques in Golshiri's stories. Method: In this article, by focusing on the most important modernist elements in Golshiri's works—such as multiple subjectivities, modernist characterization, doubt and uncertainty, fragmented form, and the multiplicity of realities—the modernist approaches in Golshiri's storytelling are examined and analyzed. Findings and Conclusions: The results of the article indicate that the abundance of modernist techniques in Golshiri's stories challenges the importance of 'language' as the sole means of perception and understanding. Alongside language, it also introduces a system of narrative and storytelling 'techniques' as a set of tools and processes with the function of 'representation' and 'perception' in the narrative. Conceptually, their primary function is to represent the existential anxiety and alienation of the modern human, while also depicting the complexities of human experience. Purpose: Houshang Golshiri, as one of the pioneers of modernist fiction in Iran, has played a significant role in the evolution of contemporary storytelling. The use of modernist techniques in Golshiri's stories goes beyond formal functions, and forms a deep connection with the intellectual foundations present in his narratives. This issue highlights the necessity of conducting an independent study on the nature and function of modernist techniques in Golshiri's stories. Method: In this article, by focusing on the most important modernist elements in Golshiri's works—such as multiple subjectivities, modernist characterization, doubt and uncertainty, fragmented form, and the multiplicity of realities—the modernist approaches in Golshiri's storytelling are examined and analyzed. Findings and Conclusions: The results of the article indicate that the abundance of modernist techniques in Golshiri's stories challenges the importance of 'language' as the sole means of perception and understanding. Alongside language, it also introduces a system of narrative and storytelling 'techniques' as a set of tools and processes with the function of 'representation' and 'perception' in the narrative. Conceptually, their primary function is to represent the existential anxiety and alienation of the modern human, while also depicting the complexities of human experience.

https://jll.uk.ac.ir/article_4658_bbfdaeb7549881871de2509583c7b960.pdf

Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman Journal of Prose Studies in Persian Literature 2821-1847 27 56 2025 02 19 The How and Why of the Inclusion of the Preface of Abu Mansuri’s Shahnameh in Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh Manuscripts The How and Why of the Inclusion of the Preface of Abu Mansuri’s Shahnameh in Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh Manuscripts 79 95 4691 10.22103/jll.2025.24434.3176 FA MAHNAZ SHABANPOUR . Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Persian Language and Literature,Science and Research Unit, Islamic Azad University, tehran, Iran. Farzin Ghafouri Corresponding author, Assistant Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Academy of Persian Language and Literature, Tehran, Iran. Hamidreza Ardestani Rostami Associate Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Islamic Azad University, Dezful, Iran. Journal Article 2024 11 27 Purpose: The Shāhnāmeh-ye Mansuri (Prose Shāhnāmeh of Abu Mansuri) was compiled before Ferdowsi by the order of Abu Mansur Muhammad ibn Abd al-Razzaq, with the collaboration of four Zoroastrian priests. This text, which served as the foundation for Ferdowsi's poetic version of the Shāhnāmeh, has only partially survived; specifically, its introduction has been preserved, primarily because it was included in some manuscripts of Ferdowsi's Shāhnāmeh. From among the twelve manuscripts used as the basis for the critical edition by Khaleghi-Motlagh, ten contain this introduction. Method and Research: In this research, we aim to demonstrate, through a descriptive-analytical method and a library-based approach, the how and why of the inclusion of the introduction of the Shāhnāmeh-ye Abu Mansuri into Ferdowsi's Shāhnāmeh. Findings and Conclusions: The findings of the research indicate that Ferdowsi, during the compilation and revision of the third version of the Shāhnāmeh—undertaken after his disillusionment with the Ghaznavid court—incorporated both a satire of Mahmud of Ghazni and the ancient introduction of the Shāhnāmeh-ye Abu Mansuri as a form of opposition to Mahmud. This was done to compensate for the explicit omission of Abu Mansur's name in the earlier version, a result of the Ghaznavids' hostility toward him. These changes, introduced in the third revision, were later integrated into the manuscripts of the Shāhnāmeh. Purpose: The Shāhnāmeh-ye Mansuri (Prose Shāhnāmeh of Abu Mansuri) was compiled before Ferdowsi by the order of Abu Mansur Muhammad ibn Abd al-Razzaq, with the collaboration of four Zoroastrian priests. This text, which served as the foundation for Ferdowsi's poetic version of the Shāhnāmeh, has only partially survived; specifically, its introduction has been preserved, primarily because it was included in some manuscripts of Ferdowsi's Shāhnāmeh. From among the twelve manuscripts used as the basis for the critical edition by Khaleghi-Motlagh, ten contain this introduction. Method and Research: In this research, we aim to demonstrate, through a descriptive-analytical method and a library-based approach, the how and why of the inclusion of the introduction of the Shāhnāmeh-ye Abu Mansuri into Ferdowsi's Shāhnāmeh. Findings and Conclusions: The findings of the research indicate that Ferdowsi, during the compilation and revision of the third version of the Shāhnāmeh—undertaken after his disillusionment with the Ghaznavid court—incorporated both a satire of Mahmud of Ghazni and the ancient introduction of the Shāhnāmeh-ye Abu Mansuri as a form of opposition to Mahmud. This was done to compensate for the explicit omission of Abu Mansur's name in the earlier version, a result of the Ghaznavids' hostility toward him. These changes, introduced in the third revision, were later integrated into the manuscripts of the Shāhnāmeh.

https://jll.uk.ac.ir/article_4691_2c896ab76ac74ad1a442ae2acc403296.pdf

Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman Journal of Prose Studies in Persian Literature 2821-1847 27 56 2025 02 19 Reflection of Reproachful Thoughts in Sufism Fotowatnamehs up to the Fifth Century Reflection of Reproachful Thoughts in Sufism Fotowatnamehs up to the Fifth Century 97 115 4705 10.22103/jll.2025.24192.3166 FA Mahnaz Alizade PhD student, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Lorestan University, Lorestan, Iran. Safiyeh Moradkhani Corresponding author, Associate Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Lorestan University, Lorestan, Iran Seyyed Mohsen Hosseini Associate Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature,Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran Mohamadreza Hasanijalilian Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Lorestan University, Lorestan Journal Article 2024 10 14 Purpose: Researchers do not have the same opinion about the extent and nature of the connection between the two schools of thought, Malamatiyah and Futuwwa. The main issue in this study is considering the text of Malamatiyah treatises and the Futuwwatnamehs up to the fifth century AH, to see what common points and differences existed between the principles of Futuwwat and Malamatiyah. The aim of this research is to explain the similarities and differences between the two schools of Malamatiya and Futuwwa. In this way, the reasons for the differences in opinion among researchers are clarified. Method and Research: The research method in this article is analytical-descriptive. Findings and Conclusions: The results of the research reflect diverse and different perceptions in this regard. Solami, the author of the first Futuwwat-nama, who was himself a follower of Malamatiya, provides a definition of Futuwwa in his "Risalah Malamatiya", in which Futuwwa is the same as perfect malamaty. However, in "Kitab al-Futuwwa", like other books of this period, he introduced a type of Sufi Futuwwa that has major differences from the principles of malamatiya. The Futuwwa of the Ayyaran, which is represented in the "Qaboosnameh", also lacks any trace of the fundamental principles of the Malamatiyah. It seems that the difference in the researchers' views originates from this issue. Conclusions: In fact, those who have based their work on Sollmi's Malamatiya treatise have considered the futuwwa and Malamatiya to be the same; another group who have considered the futuwwa in the sense of ayyari have found the two to be in contrast. The third group, who consider Sufism, Malamatiya, and Futuwwa to be branches of the same principle, have taken Futuwwa of Sufi as the criterion. Purpose: Researchers do not have the same opinion about the extent and nature of the connection between the two schools of thought, Malamatiyah and Futuwwa. The main issue in this study is considering the text of Malamatiyah treatises and the Futuwwatnamehs up to the fifth century AH, to see what common points and differences existed between the principles of Futuwwat and Malamatiyah. The aim of this research is to explain the similarities and differences between the two schools of Malamatiya and Futuwwa. In this way, the reasons for the differences in opinion among researchers are clarified. Method and Research: The research method in this article is analytical-descriptive. Findings and Conclusions: The results of the research reflect diverse and different perceptions in this regard. Solami, the author of the first Futuwwat-nama, who was himself a follower of Malamatiya, provides a definition of Futuwwa in his "Risalah Malamatiya", in which Futuwwa is the same as perfect malamaty. However, in "Kitab al-Futuwwa", like other books of this period, he introduced a type of Sufi Futuwwa that has major differences from the principles of malamatiya. The Futuwwa of the Ayyaran, which is represented in the "Qaboosnameh", also lacks any trace of the fundamental principles of the Malamatiyah. It seems that the difference in the researchers' views originates from this issue. Conclusions: In fact, those who have based their work on Sollmi's Malamatiya treatise have considered the futuwwa and Malamatiya to be the same; another group who have considered the futuwwa in the sense of ayyari have found the two to be in contrast. The third group, who consider Sufism, Malamatiya, and Futuwwa to be branches of the same principle, have taken Futuwwa of Sufi as the criterion.

https://jll.uk.ac.ir/article_4705_af4d594bfe8398e75cbb2b9521ecc7c3.pdf

Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman Journal of Prose Studies in Persian Literature 2821-1847 27 56 2025 02 19 Studying the Structure of Nizamuddin Olya's Majalis based on the Monographs of His Disciples Studying the Structure of Nizamuddin Olya's Majalis based on the Monographs of His Disciples 117 135 4687 10.22103/jll.2025.23750.3141 FA Yahya Kardgar Corresponding Author: Professor of the department of persian language and literature, university of Qom, Qom, Iran. Mohammad Foladi Associate professor department of persian language and literature, university of Qom, Qom, Iran. Zohre Rahimi Zare Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Persian Language and Literature,University of Qom, Qom, Iran. Journal Article 2024 07 15 Purpose: The main objectives of this article are to introduce the structure of and to examine works in the field Majalis (Assemblies) – in oral or written form – as one of the effective methods of communicating religious and mystical teachings in the Indian subcontinent in the seventh and eighth centuries AH. On the one hand, understanding the structure of these works provides the basis for comparative research between the written Majalis of the subcontinent and Iran, and on the other hand, these works reveal the connection between Sufi Majalis and mystical circles with the interests of the public, who are part of the audience of these Majalis. Method and Research: Considering the position of Nizamuddin Olya in Islamic mysticism, the article examines the external and internal structure of his monographs in a descriptive-analytical manner. Findings and Conclusions: The Sheikh Nizamuddin Olya’s Majalis were often held in the khanqah and had a specific audience. The Sheikh's concern was to propagate and promote Islam and explain the teachings of the Chishti sect with a partial look at moral and social issues. Conclusions: Nizamuddin's Majalis are aimed at influencing the audience. Hence, the mystical, Sharia, theological, moral and social discussions with a passionate tone that is the characteristic of these Majalis, seek to arouse the audience. The use of anecdotes, quoting the sayings of the sheikhs, the use of verses and hadiths, religious and moral advice all show that Nizamuddin seeks to build the religion and world of the audience. Purpose: The main objectives of this article are to introduce the structure of and to examine works in the field Majalis (Assemblies) – in oral or written form – as one of the effective methods of communicating religious and mystical teachings in the Indian subcontinent in the seventh and eighth centuries AH. On the one hand, understanding the structure of these works provides the basis for comparative research between the written Majalis of the subcontinent and Iran, and on the other hand, these works reveal the connection between Sufi Majalis and mystical circles with the interests of the public, who are part of the audience of these Majalis. Method and Research: Considering the position of Nizamuddin Olya in Islamic mysticism, the article examines the external and internal structure of his monographs in a descriptive-analytical manner. Findings and Conclusions: The Sheikh Nizamuddin Olya’s Majalis were often held in the khanqah and had a specific audience. The Sheikh's concern was to propagate and promote Islam and explain the teachings of the Chishti sect with a partial look at moral and social issues. Conclusions: Nizamuddin's Majalis are aimed at influencing the audience. Hence, the mystical, Sharia, theological, moral and social discussions with a passionate tone that is the characteristic of these Majalis, seek to arouse the audience. The use of anecdotes, quoting the sayings of the sheikhs, the use of verses and hadiths, religious and moral advice all show that Nizamuddin seeks to build the religion and world of the audience.

https://jll.uk.ac.ir/article_4687_107dc5232044e416ac498a0c74530bc5.pdf

Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman Journal of Prose Studies in Persian Literature 2821-1847 27 56 2025 02 19 Attar’s Techniques in Enhancing the Believability of Magical Realism in the Tales of Tazkirat al-Awliya Attar’s Techniques in Enhancing the Believability of Magical Realism in the Tales of Tazkirat al-Awliya 137 153 4690 10.22103/jll.2025.24166.3165 FA Elham Ganj Karimi * Ph.D. in Persian language and literature, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad * Invited lecturer of Persian language and literature department of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman Journal Article 2024 10 12 Purpose: The term magical realism was first introduced in the 20th century to describe the style of post-expressionist painting. Subsequently, writers were influenced by the theoretical concepts associated with this term and employed it as a storytelling technique. This technique is based on the fusion of reality with surreal and magical elements. However, the narrative style of authors in this school ensures that the extraordinary and surreal elements within their stories appear believable and naturally integrated with real-world components. Similarly, Attar, like authors of magical realism, utilized his storytelling methods to enhance the believability of the magical and astonishing events in Tazkirat al-Awliya. Method and Research: This study employs a descriptive-analytical approach to examine Attar’s techniques and narrative style in making the magical realist tales of Tazkirat al-Awliya believable. It also explores the similarities between Attar’s methods and those of magical realist writers. Findings and Conclusions: The findings reveal that Attar utilized various storytelling techniques to render the extraordinary and surreal events in Tazkirat al-Awliya believable. By employing techniques such as a natural tone imbued with magical language, an omniscient point of view, the presence of witnesses at miraculous events, detailed descriptions, defamiliarization, literalization of metaphors, and the use of hyperbole and exaggeration, Attar either created a sense of wonder in his tales or amplified the magical quality of these phenomena. Purpose: The term magical realism was first introduced in the 20th century to describe the style of post-expressionist painting. Subsequently, writers were influenced by the theoretical concepts associated with this term and employed it as a storytelling technique. This technique is based on the fusion of reality with surreal and magical elements. However, the narrative style of authors in this school ensures that the extraordinary and surreal elements within their stories appear believable and naturally integrated with real-world components. Similarly, Attar, like authors of magical realism, utilized his storytelling methods to enhance the believability of the magical and astonishing events in Tazkirat al-Awliya. Method and Research: This study employs a descriptive-analytical approach to examine Attar’s techniques and narrative style in making the magical realist tales of Tazkirat al-Awliya believable. It also explores the similarities between Attar’s methods and those of magical realist writers. Findings and Conclusions: The findings reveal that Attar utilized various storytelling techniques to render the extraordinary and surreal events in Tazkirat al-Awliya believable. By employing techniques such as a natural tone imbued with magical language, an omniscient point of view, the presence of witnesses at miraculous events, detailed descriptions, defamiliarization, literalization of metaphors, and the use of hyperbole and exaggeration, Attar either created a sense of wonder in his tales or amplified the magical quality of these phenomena.

https://jll.uk.ac.ir/article_4690_304cee44f4525955ef5a9f37a266e11d.pdf

Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman Journal of Prose Studies in Persian Literature 2821-1847 27 56 2025 02 19 A Critique on the Corrections of Tārīkh-nāma-yi-Herāt, and a Correction and Explanation of Some Difficult Words A Critique on the Corrections of Tārīkh-nāma-yi-Herāt, and a Correction and Explanation of Some Difficult Words 155 170 4688 10.22103/jll.2025.23883.3152 FA Shohre Marefat Member of the Faculty of Persian Language and Literature Academy, Department of Linguistic and Literary Research Journal Article 2024 08 13 Title and Purpose: In addition to historical and geographical values, local histories are also important from a linguistic point of view, especially those histories written in historical and geographical passages. Tārīkh-nāma-yi-Herāt, authored by Sayfi Heravi, is one of the old texts of local history of Khorasan and a report of the events of the time of the kings of the Kart dynasty, also known as the Kartids (In persian: آل کرت), in the 7th and 8th centuries A.D.; the author was an eyewitness to some of its events. In addition to having a knowledge of ancient Persian texts, a correcter of texts such as Tārīkh-nāma-yi-Herāt must be familiar with other languages that the author was familiar with. Method and Approach: In this study, by emphasizing the author's linguistic range and considering the intratextual elements and intertextual sources, and based on a new manuscript of Tārīkh-nāma-yi-Herāt, some of the linguistic difficulties of the text have been corrected and explained. Findings and Conclusion: There are two editions of this book. Mohammad Zobayr Siddiqī in Calcutta did the first correction in 1322, and once again, in 1383 in Iran, Gholam-reza Tabatabaei Majd provided another correction of this text. Both have many and varied errors and mistakes. The problems arise from not having a knowledge of meter, unfamiliarity with the author's style, not knowing the sometimes-rare Turkish and Arabic words of the text, and unfamiliarity with the texts related to the text. Title and Purpose: In addition to historical and geographical values, local histories are also important from a linguistic point of view, especially those histories written in historical and geographical passages. Tārīkh-nāma-yi-Herāt, authored by Sayfi Heravi, is one of the old texts of local history of Khorasan and a report of the events of the time of the kings of the Kart dynasty, also known as the Kartids (In persian: آل کرت), in the 7th and 8th centuries A.D.; the author was an eyewitness to some of its events. In addition to having a knowledge of ancient Persian texts, a correcter of texts such as Tārīkh-nāma-yi-Herāt must be familiar with other languages that the author was familiar with. Method and Approach: In this study, by emphasizing the author's linguistic range and considering the intratextual elements and intertextual sources, and based on a new manuscript of Tārīkh-nāma-yi-Herāt, some of the linguistic difficulties of the text have been corrected and explained. Findings and Conclusion: There are two editions of this book. Mohammad Zobayr Siddiqī in Calcutta did the first correction in 1322, and once again, in 1383 in Iran, Gholam-reza Tabatabaei Majd provided another correction of this text. Both have many and varied errors and mistakes. The problems arise from not having a knowledge of meter, unfamiliarity with the author's style, not knowing the sometimes-rare Turkish and Arabic words of the text, and unfamiliarity with the texts related to the text.

https://jll.uk.ac.ir/article_4688_17a57ac48adb7a7b93abda83da15d0a0.pdf

Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman Journal of Prose Studies in Persian Literature 2821-1847 27 56 2025 02 19 Nasrollāh Termazi's Jame` al-Hekāyāt, A Plagiarism of Pand-e Pirān Nasrollāh Termazi's Jame` al-Hekāyāt, A Plagiarism of Pand-e Pirān 171 188 4659 10.22103/jll.2025.24106.3160 FA Mahmood Nadimiharandi Department of persian language and literature, Payame Noor Unvierstiy, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2024 09 30 Purpose: The purpose of this article is to explore the relationship between two ancient Persian texts: Pand-e Pirān and Jame` al-Hekāyāt. Method and Research: The present study was conducted with the approach of comparing and analyzing the content of the two books, Pand-e Pirān and Jame` al-Hekāyāt. First, Jame` al-Hekāyāt was compared word for word with Pand-e Pirān and their differences were recorded. Then, these differences were categorized and finally, their causes were analyzed. Findings and Conclusions: Jame` al-Hekāyāt of Nasrollāh ibn Shahrollāh Termazi is a plagiarism of Pand-e Pirān. Conclusions: In this study, it was determined that Termazi has made many ideological changes throughout the book of Pand-e Pirān, but it is one of the wonders of Termazi's work that he has forged names extensively. He also changed some proper names, regardless of ideological changes, and replaced them with other names and he has replaced some famous names with less famous ones. In addition, during the era of Fath Ali Shāh Qājār, Sheikh Gholāmrezā Arāni Kāshāni authored the book Qalā`ed al-La`āli as an interpretation for Jame` al-Hekāyāt. There are some interesting historical-social references in his book, and if the book has any value, it is for these historical references. Purpose: The purpose of this article is to explore the relationship between two ancient Persian texts: Pand-e Pirān and Jame` al-Hekāyāt. Method and Research: The present study was conducted with the approach of comparing and analyzing the content of the two books, Pand-e Pirān and Jame` al-Hekāyāt. First, Jame` al-Hekāyāt was compared word for word with Pand-e Pirān and their differences were recorded. Then, these differences were categorized and finally, their causes were analyzed. Findings and Conclusions: Jame` al-Hekāyāt of Nasrollāh ibn Shahrollāh Termazi is a plagiarism of Pand-e Pirān. Conclusions: In this study, it was determined that Termazi has made many ideological changes throughout the book of Pand-e Pirān, but it is one of the wonders of Termazi's work that he has forged names extensively. He also changed some proper names, regardless of ideological changes, and replaced them with other names and he has replaced some famous names with less famous ones. In addition, during the era of Fath Ali Shāh Qājār, Sheikh Gholāmrezā Arāni Kāshāni authored the book Qalā`ed al-La`āli as an interpretation for Jame` al-Hekāyāt. There are some interesting historical-social references in his book, and if the book has any value, it is for these historical references.

https://jll.uk.ac.ir/article_4659_7081b7fe0f5e6c8a8db2d2a1138ae530.pdf